Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Associated Factors among Diabetic Patients Attending at Public Hospital in East Shewa Zone, Ethiopia

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis as a diabetes co-morbidity is the most challenging issue of tuberculosis control programs across the world. However, there is limited evidence on Tuberculosis’s burden and risk factors in people with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of pulmonary tu-berculosis among people with diabetes in East Shewa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 tuberculosis presumptive diabetic patients who were selected using a simple random sample technique from six public Hospitals in East Shewa Zone. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, record review, and measurements of weight and, height. Sputum specimens were collected and mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified using Lowenstein-Jensen culture me-dia. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 8.6% (95% CI: 5.2% - 12.8%). Being urban dwellers (AOR=5.13; 95% CI: 1.07, 24.47), history of alcohol consumption (AOR = 13.06; 95% CI = 2.23, 76.55), Human immune deficiency virus positive (AOR=7.44; 95% CI: 2.23, 24.87) and duration of diabetes morbidity >5 years (AOR=15.36; 95% CI: 1.85, 127.57) were found to be associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among people with diabetes was high. Therefore, regular screening for pulmonary tuberculosis is required to improve diabetes care by em-phasizing the identified factors. Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Diabetes, Risk Factors, East Shewa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis as a diabetes co-morbidity is the most challenging issue of tuberculosis control programs across the world. However, there is limited evidence on Tuberculosis’s burden and risk factors in people with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among people with diabetes in East Shewa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 tuberculosis presumptive diabetic patients who were selected using a simple random sample technique from six public Hospitals in East Shewa Zone. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, record review, and measurements of weight and, height. Sputum specimens were collected and mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified using Lowenstein-Jensen culture media. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Results: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 8.6% (95% CI: 5.2% - 12.8%). Being urban dwellers (AOR=5.13; 95% CI: 1.07, 24.47), history of alcohol consumption (AOR = 13.06; 95% CI = 2.23, 76.55), Human immune deficiency virus positive (AOR=7.44; 95% CI: 2.23, 24.87) and duration of diabetes morbidity >5 years (AOR=15.36; 95% CI: 1.85, 127.57) were found to be associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among people with diabetes was high. Therefore, regular screening for pulmonary tuberculosis is required to improve diabetes care by emphasizing the identified factors.

Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Diabetes, Risk Factors, East Shewa, Ethiopia