STAND STRUCTURE, GROWTH AND BIOMASS OF ARUNDINARIA ALPINA (HIGHLAND BAMBOO) ALONG TOPOGRAPHIC GRADIENT IN THE CHOKE MOUNTAIN, NORTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA
Keywords:
Afroalpine bamboo, Landform, Slope.
Abstract
Three landforms were evaluated for their effect on stand structure, growth and yield of Arundinaria alpina K. Schum in the Choke
Mountain, northwest Ethiopia. Parameters on stand characteristics and soil properties were assessed. The landforms were (1) 5-15% level to sloping
land, (2) 40-60% straight slope (ridge) and (3) 40-60% concave slope (valley). Altitude ranged from 2,870 to 2,938 m a.s.l. All parameters on stand
characteristics, except the number of plants per hectare and shoot recruitment rate, were higher in the lower slope position (40-60% concave slope). On the other hand, except clay content and soil moisture, chemical soil properties had similar or better status on 5-15% level to sloping land followed by 40-60% straight slope. Significantly bigger diameter (average 8.4 cm) and emerging height culms (average 15 m) with high growth rate (average
maximum of 43 cm day -1 ) and high biomass (117 t ha -1 ) were obtained in 40-60% concave slope landform. Hence, it can be concluded that landform is more influential than nutrient availability for performance of A. alpina in the Choke Mountain. Consequently, future bamboo afforestation practices are advised to focus primarily on 40-60% concave slope landform. The 40-60% straight slope is the second most important site for expanding A. alpina. Moreover, valleys and ridges are not suitable for annual crop production due to their steep slope. Therefore, superior performance of bamboo on these sites can be excellent opportunity for the area and the community.
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References
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Shanmughavel, P. and Francis, K. (1996). Above ground biomass production and nutrient distribution in growing bamboo (Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss). Biomass Bioenerg. 10: 383-391.
Skovsgaard, J.P. and Vanclay, J.K. (2008). Forest site productivity: A review of the evolution of dendrometric concepts for even-aged stands. Forestry 81 (1): 13-31.
Tateno, R. and Takeda, H. (2003). Forest structure and tree species distribution in relation to topography-mediated heterogeneity of soil nitrogen and light at the forest floor. Ecol. Res. 18: 559-571.
Taye Khfa (2011). Chemical properties of wild coffee forest soils in Ethiopia and management implications. Agr. Sci. 2 (4): 443-450.
Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H. and O’Neill, R. (2001). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice, Pattern and Process. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-38.
Wei, J.B., Xiao, D.N., Zeng, H. and Fu, Y.K. (2008). Spatial variability of soil properties in relation to land use and topography in a typical small watershed of the black soil region, northeastern China. Environ. Geol. 53 (8):1663-1672.
Wimbush, S.H. (1945). The African alpine bamboo. Emp. For. J. 24: 33-39.
Yegen, H. (1992). The responses of fertilization on the plantations of Phyllostachys pubescens. For. Res. 4.
Zhang, X., Zhang, X.M. and Wang, J.P. (1996). Mass distribution and nutrient content circulation of short rotation Phyllostachys nidularia forest. J. Bamboo Res. 15: 67-81 (in Chinese).
Azmy, H.M., Razak, W., Hashim, W.S. and Sulaiman, O. (2004). Application of organic fertilizers on natural stand bamboos for sustainable management in peninsular Malaysia. J. Bamboo Rattan 3(4): 309-317.
Banik, R. (1997). Domestication and Improvement of Bamboos. International Network for Bamboo and Rattan. INBAR Working Paper No.10.
Batjes, N.H. and Dijkshoorn, J.A. (1999). Carbon and nitrogen stocks in the soils of Amazon Region. Geoderma 89: 273-286.
Bouyoucos, G.J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle-size analyses of soils. Agron. J. 54: 464-465.
Chen, X. (2000). Selected Works of Bamboo Research by Zhou Fang-Chun. Fujian Forestry College, Fuzhou, China, 320 pp.
Cirtain, M.C., Franklin, S.B. and Pezeshki, S.R. (2004). Effects of Nitrogen and moisture regimes on Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. seedling growth. Nat. Area J. 24 (3): 251-257.
Diebold, C.H. (1998). Some relationships between soil type and forest site quality. Ecology 16 (4): 640-647.
Fantaw Yimer (2007). Soil Properties in Relation to Topographic Aspects, Vegetation Communities, and Land Use in the Southeastern Highlands of Ethiopia. Doctoral dissertation. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
FAO (2006). Guideline for Soil Description. Fourth edition. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Franklin, D.C. (2005). Vegetative phenology and growth of a facultatively deciduous bamboo in a monsoonal climate. Biotropica 37(3): 343-350.
Graney, D.L. (1989). The importance of site quality. Southern Forest Experiment Station,USDA Forest Service, U.S.A.
Homeier, J., Breckle, S., Günter, S., Rollenbeck, R. and Leuschner, C. (2010). Tree diversity, forest structure and productivity along altitudinal and topographical gradients in a species-rich Ecuadorian Montane rain forest. Biotropica 42(2): 140-148.
Jinhe, F. (2000). “Moso Bamboo” in China. Mag. Am. Bamboo Soc. 21:6.
Joshi, A.P., Sundriyal, R.C. and Baluni, D.C. (1991). Nutrient dynamics of a lower Siwalik Bamboo Forest in the Garhwal Himalaya, India. J. Trop. For. Sci. 3 (3): 238- 250.
Kassahun Embaye (2003). Ecological Aspects and Resource Management of Bamboo Forests in Ethiopia. Doctoral dissertation. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Kassahun Embaye, Weih, M., Ledinc, S. and Christerssona, L. (2005). Biomass and nutrient distribution in a highland bamboo forest in southwest Ethiopia:Implications for management. Forest Ecol. Manag. 204 (2-3): 159-169.
Kleinhenz, V. and Midmore, D. (2001). Aspects of bamboo agronomy. Adv. Agron. 74: 99-153.
Li, R., Werger, M.A., During, H.J. and Zhong, Z.C. (1998). Carbon and nutrient dynamics in relation to growth rhythm in the giant bamboo Phyllostachys pubescens. Plant Soil 201: 113-123.
Lu, A., Pang, D., Ge, J., He, Y., Pang, H. and Yuan, L. (2006). Effect of landform on seasonal temperature structures across China in the past 52 years. J. Mt. Sci. 3(2): 158-167.
LUSO (1997). Study on sustainable bamboo management. GTZ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Nath, A., Das, G. and Das, A. (2009). Aboveground standing biomass and carbon storage in village bamboos in North East India. Biomass Bioenerg. 33(9): 1188-1196. National Meteorological Agency (2010). Rainfall and temperature data of different meteorological stations (1989-2008). National Meteorological Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watenabe, F.S. and Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available Phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture, 939 pp.
Othman, A.R. (1994). Culm composition and above-ground biomass of Gigantochloa scortechinii in a natural stand and a three-year-old plantation. J. Trop. For. Sci. 7(2): 280-285.
Qiu, G.X., Shen, Y.K., Li, D.Y., Wang, Z.W., Hudang, Q.M. and Yang, D.D. (1992). Bamboo in sub-tropical eastern China. In: Primary Productivity of Grass
Ecosystems of the Tropics and Sub-tropics (Long, S.P., Jones, M.B. and Roberts, M.J., eds.). Chapman and Hall, London.
Ronald, P. (2005). Tropical Bamboos - Propagation Manual. International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR), Beijing, China.
SAA (1977). Determination of the moisture content of a soil: Oven drying method. Standard method, Standards Association of Australia. AS 1289 B1, pp. 1-197.
Scurlock, J., Dayton, D.C. and Hames, B. (2000). Bamboo: An overlooked biomass resource. Biomass Bioenerg. 19: 229-244.
Shanmughavel, P. and Francis, K. (1996). Above ground biomass production and nutrient distribution in growing bamboo (Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss). Biomass Bioenerg. 10: 383-391.
Skovsgaard, J.P. and Vanclay, J.K. (2008). Forest site productivity: A review of the evolution of dendrometric concepts for even-aged stands. Forestry 81 (1): 13-31.
Tateno, R. and Takeda, H. (2003). Forest structure and tree species distribution in relation to topography-mediated heterogeneity of soil nitrogen and light at the forest floor. Ecol. Res. 18: 559-571.
Taye Khfa (2011). Chemical properties of wild coffee forest soils in Ethiopia and management implications. Agr. Sci. 2 (4): 443-450.
Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H. and O’Neill, R. (2001). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice, Pattern and Process. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. (1934). An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-38.
Wei, J.B., Xiao, D.N., Zeng, H. and Fu, Y.K. (2008). Spatial variability of soil properties in relation to land use and topography in a typical small watershed of the black soil region, northeastern China. Environ. Geol. 53 (8):1663-1672.
Wimbush, S.H. (1945). The African alpine bamboo. Emp. For. J. 24: 33-39.
Yegen, H. (1992). The responses of fertilization on the plantations of Phyllostachys pubescens. For. Res. 4.
Zhang, X., Zhang, X.M. and Wang, J.P. (1996). Mass distribution and nutrient content circulation of short rotation Phyllostachys nidularia forest. J. Bamboo Res. 15: 67-81 (in Chinese).
Published
2013-09-23
Section
Articles