FACTORS AFFECTING IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ.) EUPHORBIACEAE, VARIETIES OF ‘KELLO’ AND ‘QULLE’
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is a perennial shrub of the Euphorbiaceae family native of eastern tropical South America, grown in
the tropics of Africa and Asia for its tuberous roots. Its cultivation is constrained by several problems including the use of cuttings infected with
diseases and pests, the lack of high quality seed, low productivity, high heterozygosity, low fertility, poor seed set and seed germination. The
objective of this study was to find the optimal conditions for micropropagation of two varieties of cassava released for farmers for the
production of high quality planting materials. These include determination of the effect of temperature on bud-break of mother plants, differences in
concentrations of salt, sucrose, and thidiazuron (TDZ) in a semi-solid MS medium, pH, two-step MS medium and repeated subcultures. The mean
number of shoots per plant for axillary bud-break was highest (10.8) at 26°C for that from ‘Kello’ and 9.8 at 30°C for that from ‘Qulle’. The highest mean number of shoots per explant was obtained on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L TDZ for both varieties on both semi-solid and two-step MS medium culture system. Maximum mean shoot number was obtained on MS medium of a quarter and full salt strength for ‘Kello’ and ‘Qulle’, respectively. The highest mean number of shoots per explant for ‘Kello’ (4.10) and ‘Qulle’ (2.40) was obtained at pH 5.6 and 6.6, respectively. ‘Kello’ produced 3.70 shoots per explant on MS medium containing 1.5% sucrose. Repeated subculturing of ‘Qulle’ resulted in gradual loss of multiplication rate from the third subculture onwards. The present study contributes to optimization of micropropagation of cassava.
Downloads
References
Bhagwat, B., Vieira, L.G.E. and Erickson, L.R. (1996). Stimulation of in vitro shoot proliferation from nodal explants of cassava by thidiazuron, benzyladenine and gibberellic acid. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. 46: 1-7.
Danso, K.E. and Ford-Llyod, B.V. (2008).The effect of abscisic acid and sucrose on post-thaw embryogenic competence and subsequent plant recovery from embryogenic calli of cassava. Am-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3: 663-671.
Dawit Beyene, Tileye Feyissa and Girma Bedada (2010). Micropropagation of selected cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) varieties from meristem culture. Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci. 9(2): 127-142.
Dejene Makonnen (2006). The potentials and prospects of cassava as food security crop in Ethiopia. In: Cassava Improvement to Enhance Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa and Northeastern Brazil. First International Meeting on Cassava Breeding, Biotechnology and Ecology, pp. 102-103 (Ortiz, R. and Nassareds, N.M.A., eds.). Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil, 11-15 November 2006.
De Vries, D.P., Dubois, L.A.M. and Smeets, L. (1986). The effect of temperature on axillary bud-break of hybrid tea-rose seedlings. Sci. Hortic.- Amsterdam. 28: 281-287.
Escobar, R.H., Munoz, J. T. and Roca, W. (2001). Rapid propagation of cassava planting material by temporary immersion bioreactors. Fifth International Scientific Meeting of the Cassava Biotechnology Network, (Taylor, N.J., Ogbe, F. and Fauquet, C.M., eds.). Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
auquet, C.M. (2001). A global cassava improvement plan. Fifth International Scientific Meeting of the Cassava Biotechnology Network, (Taylor, N.J., Ogbe, F. and Fauquet, C.M., eds.). Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Hankoua, B.B., Taylor, N.J., Ng, S.Y.C., Fawole, I., Puonti-Kaerlas, J., Padamanbhab, C.,
Yadav, J.S., Fauquet, C.M., Dixon, A.G.O. and Fondong, V.N. (2006). Production of the first transgenic cassava in Africa via direct shoot organogenesis from friable embryogenic calli and germination of maturing somatic embryos. Afr. J.Biotechnol. 5: 1700-1712.
Kozai, T., Kubota, C. and Jeong, B.R. (1997). Environmental control for the large-scale production of plants through in vitro techniques. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. 51: 49-56.
Le, B.V., Anh, B.L., Soytong, K., Danh, N.D. and Anh Hong, L.T. (2007). Plant regeneration of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) plants. J. Agr. Technol. 3:121-127.
Li, H.Q., Guo, J.Y., Huang, Y.W., Liang, C.Y., Liu, H.X., Potrykus, I. and Puonti-Kaerlas,J. (1998). Regeneration of cassava plants via shoot organogenesis. Plant Cell Rep.17: 410-414.
Mantell, S.H. and Hugo, S.A. (1989). Effects of photoperiod, mineral medium strength,inorganic ammonium, sucrose and cytokinin on root, shoot and microtuber development in shoot cultures of Dioscorea alata L. and D. bulbifera L. yams. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. 16: 23-37.
Mathews, H., Schopke, C., Carcamo, R., Chavarriaga, P., Fauquet, C. and Beachy, R.N. (1993). Improvement of somatic embryogenesis and plant recovery in cassava.Plant Cell Rep.12: 328-333.
Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plantarum 15: 473-497.
Nhut, D.T., Le, B.V., Fukai, S., Tanaka, M. and Van, K.T.T. (2001). Effects of activated charcoal, explants size, explant position and sucrose concentration on plant and shoot regeneration of Lilium longiflorum via young stem culture. Plant Growth Regul. 33: 59-65.
Ogero, K.O., Gitonga, N.M., Mwangi, M., Ombori, O. and Ngugi, M. (2012). Cost-effective nutrient sources for tissue culture of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.).Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11(66): 12964-12973.
Raemakers, C.J.J.M., Amati, M., Staritsky, G., Jacobsen, E. and Visser, R.G.F. (1993). Cyclic somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cassava. Ann. Bot.-London 71: 289-294.
Saelim, L., Phansiri, S., Netrphan, S., Suksangpanomrung, M. and Narangajavana, J. (2006). Optimization of in vitro cyclic somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of the Asian cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) for genetic manipulation system. Glob. J. Biotechnol. Biochem.1: 7-15.
Sajid, Z.A. and Aftab, F. (2009). Effect of thidiazuron (TDZ) on in vitro micropropagation of Solanum tuberosum L. Cvs. Desiree and Cardinal. Pak. J. Bot.41: 1811-1815.
Santana, M.A., Romay, G., Matehus, J., Vicente-Villardon, J.L. and Demey, J.R. (2009). A simple and low-cost strategy for micropropagation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.). Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8 (16):3789-3897.
Siddique, I. and Anis, M. (2006).Thidiazuron induced high frequency shoot bud formation and plant regeneration from cotyledonary node explants of Capsicum annum L. Indian J. Biotechnol.5: 303-308.
Smith, M.K., Biggs, B.J. and Scott, K.J. (1986). In vitro propagation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.). Plant Cell Tiss. Org. 6: 221-228.
SNNPR, BoA (Southern Nationalities and Peoples Region, Bureau of Agriculture) (2000).
Basic Agricultural Information Planning and Programming Service, Hawassa,Ethiopia.
Vujović, T., Ružić, D.J. and Cerović, R. (2012). In vitro shoot multiplication as influenced by repeated subculturing of shoots of contemporary fruit rootstocks. Hortic. Sci.39 (3): 101-107.
