HOW TO STUDY THE ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ASTERACEAE OF FEE
Keywords:
Asteraceae, Biology, Chemistry, Flower morphology, Review and project ideas, Species.
Abstract
The Asteraceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants. It includes a large number of genera and species with rapid rates of radiation and possibly also of evolution. Members of the family have also been studied in connection with the effect of climate change on character evolution in plants. Some of the features of the family that have enabled such rapid radiation and possible speciation reside within the group of flowers that
are produced commonly at the ends of branches and stems. Hence, an illustrated guide on how to study the morphology, particularly flower
morphology, of the Asteraceae is provided to help beginners in plant taxonomic or systematic studies. A review of the accumulated information
about the chemistry and biology of the family is also provided. Project ideas, review topics and taxa needing further field as well as laboratory work
particularly for graduate level study are included.
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References
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Blackmore, S., Wortley, A.H., Skvarla, J.J. and Robinson, H. (2010). Evolution of pollen in Compositae. In: Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae, pp. 121–130 (Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. and Bayer, R.J., eds.). IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland. Calabria, L.M., Emerenciano, V.P., Scotti, M.T. and Mabry, T.J. (2010). Secondary chemistry of the Compositae. In: Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae, pp. 73–78 (Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. and Bayer, R.J., eds.). IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan. Carlquist, S. (1974). Island Biology. Columbia University Press, New York.
Crawford, D.J., Mesfin Tadesse, Mort, M.E., Kimball, R.T. and Randle, C.P. (2009). Coreopsideae. In: Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae, pp. 713–730 (Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. and Bayer, R.J., eds.). IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. and Bayer, R.J. (eds.) (2009). Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Heywood, V.H., Harborne, J.B. and Turner, B.L. (eds.) (1977). The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
Hind, D.J.N., Beentje, H.J. and Caligari, P.D.S. (eds.) (1996). Compositae: Systematics, Biology and Utilization. In: Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew, 1994, Vol. 1 & 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Jansen, R.K., Smith, E.B. and Crawford, D. J. (1987). A cladistic study of North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Plant Syst. Evol. 157: 73–84.
Jansen, R.K. and Palmer, J.D. (1988). Phylogenetic implications of chloroplast DNA restriction site variation in the Mutisieae (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 75:751–764.
Jansen, R.K., Michaels, H.J. and Palmer, J.D. (1991). Phylogeny and character evolution in the Asteraceae based on chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping. Syst. Bot. 16:98–115.
Jansen, R.K. and Kim, K.J. (1996). Implications of chloroplast DNA data for the classification and phylogeny of the Asteraceae. In: Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, 1994, Vol. 1, pp. 317–339 (Hind, D.J.N. and Beentje, H.J., eds.). Compositae Systematics, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mesfin Tadesse (2004). Asteraceae (Compositae). In: Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Vol. 4 (2), pp. 1–408 (Hedberg, I., Friis, I. and Edwards, S., eds.). National Herbarium, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia and Uppsala University, Sweden.
Panero, J.L. and Funk, V.A. (2002). Toward a phylogenetic sub familial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae). P. Biol. Soc. Wash. 115: 909–922.
Semple, J.C. and Watanabe, K. (2010). A review of chromosome numbers in Asteraceae with hyphotheses on chromosomal base number evolution. In: Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae, pp. 61–72 (Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. F. and Bayer, R.J., eds.). IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books,
Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Walters, D.R. and Keil, D.J. (1975). Vascular Plant Taxonomy. 3 rd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa.
Blackmore, S., Wortley, A.H., Skvarla, J.J. and Robinson, H. (2010). Evolution of pollen in Compositae. In: Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae, pp. 121–130 (Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. and Bayer, R.J., eds.). IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland. Calabria, L.M., Emerenciano, V.P., Scotti, M.T. and Mabry, T.J. (2010). Secondary chemistry of the Compositae. In: Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae, pp. 73–78 (Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. and Bayer, R.J., eds.). IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan. Carlquist, S. (1974). Island Biology. Columbia University Press, New York.
Crawford, D.J., Mesfin Tadesse, Mort, M.E., Kimball, R.T. and Randle, C.P. (2009). Coreopsideae. In: Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae, pp. 713–730 (Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. and Bayer, R.J., eds.). IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T.F. and Bayer, R.J. (eds.) (2009). Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Heywood, V.H., Harborne, J.B. and Turner, B.L. (eds.) (1977). The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.
Hind, D.J.N., Beentje, H.J. and Caligari, P.D.S. (eds.) (1996). Compositae: Systematics, Biology and Utilization. In: Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew, 1994, Vol. 1 & 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Jansen, R.K., Smith, E.B. and Crawford, D. J. (1987). A cladistic study of North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Plant Syst. Evol. 157: 73–84.
Jansen, R.K. and Palmer, J.D. (1988). Phylogenetic implications of chloroplast DNA restriction site variation in the Mutisieae (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 75:751–764.
Jansen, R.K., Michaels, H.J. and Palmer, J.D. (1991). Phylogeny and character evolution in the Asteraceae based on chloroplast DNA restriction site mapping. Syst. Bot. 16:98–115.
Jansen, R.K. and Kim, K.J. (1996). Implications of chloroplast DNA data for the classification and phylogeny of the Asteraceae. In: Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, 1994, Vol. 1, pp. 317–339 (Hind, D.J.N. and Beentje, H.J., eds.). Compositae Systematics, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mesfin Tadesse (2004). Asteraceae (Compositae). In: Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Vol. 4 (2), pp. 1–408 (Hedberg, I., Friis, I. and Edwards, S., eds.). National Herbarium, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia and Uppsala University, Sweden.
Panero, J.L. and Funk, V.A. (2002). Toward a phylogenetic sub familial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae). P. Biol. Soc. Wash. 115: 909–922.
Semple, J.C. and Watanabe, K. (2010). A review of chromosome numbers in Asteraceae with hyphotheses on chromosomal base number evolution. In: Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae, pp. 61–72 (Funk, V.A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. F. and Bayer, R.J., eds.). IAPT, Vienna, Austria, Sheridian Books,
Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Walters, D.R. and Keil, D.J. (1975). Vascular Plant Taxonomy. 3 rd ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa.
Published
2014-10-17
Section
Articles