Ill-designed Reading Activities: The Case of a Unit in Grade 11 English Textbook
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the reading activities set in English textbooks in training learners to develop effective reading skills. To this end, the first unit of Grade11 English Textbook was taken as an example. Attempts were made to examine the nature and effectiveness of the pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading activities set in the unit in helping learners develop different reading skills. The questions set in the unit with regard to reading activities were examined based on the current theories of teaching reading skills. Each question set in relation to the reading activities was analyzed in relation to its intended objective, its construction/design and its effectiveness in attaining the intended objective. Results of the study show that the reading activities in the unit are poorly designed; they do not train learners to developing effective reading skills. For example, the objectives of the reading activities are not properly stated; they do not indicate clearly the intended reading skill(s) to be developed, and there are mismatches between the intended reading skills and the nature of questions designed to practice the skills.
Downloads
References
Brumfit, C. J. (1980). From Defining to Designing: Communicative Specifications Versus Communicative Methodology in Foreign Language Teaching. In K. Muller (ed.), The Foreign Language Syllabus and the Communicative Approaches to Teaching: Proceedings of a European-American Seminar. Special issue of Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 3(1), 1-9.
Brumfit, C.J. and Johnson, K. (eds.). (1979). The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Candlin, C. N. (1976). Communicative Language Teaching and the Debt to Pragmatics. In C. N. Rameh (ed.), Georgetown University Roundtable 1976.Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. Crawford, J. (1995). The Role of Materials in the Language Classroom: Finding the Balance. TESOL in Context, 5(1), 25-33. Harmer, J. (1991). The Practices of English Language Teaching. Oxford: Longman. Hutchinson, T. and Torres, E. (1994). The Textbook as Agent of Change. ELT Journal, 48 (4), 315-328. Karavas-Doukar, E. (1996). Using attitude Scales to Investigate Teachers' Activities to the Communicative Approach. ELT Journal, 50/3:187- 194. Kirashen, S. and Terrell, T. (1983). The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the Classroom. Oxford: Pergamon. MoE. (2006). Grade 11 English Textbook (revised edition.) Addis Ababa: EMPEDA. Prabhu, N. S. (1987). Second Language Pedagogy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Richards, J.C. (1998). Beyond Training: Perspectives on Language Teacher Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shannon, P. (1987). Commercial Reading Materials, a Technology, and the Deskilling of Teachers. The Elementary School Journal, 87(3), 307-329. Swan, M. (1992). The textbook: Bridge or Wall? Applied Linguistics and Language Teaching, 2(1), 32-3 5. Widdowson, H. G. (1979). Teaching Language as Communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wilkins, D.A. (1976). Notional Syllabuses. Oxford: Oxford University Press.