SHARE OF EVENING PROGRAM MONEY - THE ROOT OF THE PROBLEM?
Abstract
This was an explanatory study of a recent conflict between teachers and the Ministry of Education. There are diverse views on adult education
funding. Ethiopian evening programs have been self-supporting. They have become battle grounds because of the extra money they generate. The
Ministry has revised its directives to squeeze out more money. The 1991-92 conflict between teachers and the Ministry involved the state too. State
intervention did not improve even teachers' earnings. The Ministry should limit itself to developing broad guidelines within which evening programs should
manage themselves. The Ministry ought to develop a rationale for charging evening programs. Teachers' focus on money alone can tarnish the profession.
Learner participation in decision making is both andragogic and democratic practice.
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References
Aklog Mengistu, (Oct. 20 and 21,1992). Interviews. Ato Aklog is Teaching
Secretarial Science in Entoto vocational Technical School.
Bhola, H.S., (1989). World Trends and Issues in Adult Education. London:
Jessico Kingsley Publishers in Association with UNESCO.
Coles, T.K., (1977). Adult Education in Developing Countries. 2nd Edition.
Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Geremew Goshu, (Septermber 23, 1992). Interview Ato Geremew is Head of the Department
of Adult and Continuing Education in Addis Ababa Regional Education Office.
Haile Gabriel Dagne, (1976), "Non-Government Schools in Ethiopia", in H.L . Bender;
J.D. Bown, R.L. Cooper; and C.A. Ferguson, (Eds)., Language in Ethiopia, pp. 339-370. London, OUP, 1976 .
Haile Meskel Desta, (August 26, 1992). Interview, Ato Haile Meskel had worked in the MinistOry in various capacities. He was principal of Menelik II School and Head of the Department of Non-Government Schools in the Head Office.
Knowles, M.S., (1977). The Modern Practice of Adult Education. Andragogy versus
Pedagogy. New York: Association Press.
Knowles, M.S., (Ed.), (1960). Handbook of Adult Education in the United States.
'Adult Education Association Press.
Kurand, N.D., (1989). “Financing LifelongEducation” , in C. Titmus, (Ed.), Lifelong
Education for Adults. An International Handbook, pp. 484-486. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1989.
Lowe, J . , (1975). The Education of Adults-A World Perspective. France: The UNESCO Press.
Makonnen Teferra, (August 26 and 28, 1992). Interviews. Ato Makonnen was Head of
the Evening Schools Office in the DACE of the Ministry.
Mammo Kebede Shenku t , ( February 15, 1993'). Interview. Ato Mammo was Head of the
Department of Adult and Continuing Education.
Mehammed Nur, (September 23, 1992). Interview. Ato Mehammed was Head
Education Office in the Minister's Office.
Negash Baleh, (August 26 and 28, 1992). Interviews. Ato Negash was Assistant
Head of the Evening Schools Office in the DACE of the Ministry.
Shaw, N.C., (Ed.), (1969). Administration of Continuing Education. A Guide for
administrators. Washington, D.C: National Association for Public and Continuing Education.
Solomon Inquai, (1969). II Ethiopiall, in J.Lowe (Ed.). Adult Education and Nation
Buildinq. A Synvposium on Adult Education in Developing• Countries, pp. 0-62. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Swinbourne, E., (1989). Wellings. J. (Ed),Government Roles in Adult Education.International Prospective. Sydney.Grade 88/nc.
Tilahunorkineh, (1991). "Ethiopian Pioneering in Adult Education: Berhaneh Zare New Institute (1948-1978) ", The Ethiopian Journal of Education. XI I (2): 36-87.
Woodhall, M., (1989). "Financing Adult Education", in C. Titmas (Ed.), Lifelong Education for Adults. An International Handbook, pp. 486-490. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Yigez Kebede, (October 12, 1992). Interview. Ato Yigez was Head of the Inspection Department of the Ministry until November 1992.
Zelleke Wolde Meskel, (August 14, 1992).Interview. Ato Zelleke was Head of Program, Research and Evaluation Division in DACE of the Ministry Currently he is in the Main Department of Higher Education.
Secretarial Science in Entoto vocational Technical School.
Bhola, H.S., (1989). World Trends and Issues in Adult Education. London:
Jessico Kingsley Publishers in Association with UNESCO.
Coles, T.K., (1977). Adult Education in Developing Countries. 2nd Edition.
Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Geremew Goshu, (Septermber 23, 1992). Interview Ato Geremew is Head of the Department
of Adult and Continuing Education in Addis Ababa Regional Education Office.
Haile Gabriel Dagne, (1976), "Non-Government Schools in Ethiopia", in H.L . Bender;
J.D. Bown, R.L. Cooper; and C.A. Ferguson, (Eds)., Language in Ethiopia, pp. 339-370. London, OUP, 1976 .
Haile Meskel Desta, (August 26, 1992). Interview, Ato Haile Meskel had worked in the MinistOry in various capacities. He was principal of Menelik II School and Head of the Department of Non-Government Schools in the Head Office.
Knowles, M.S., (1977). The Modern Practice of Adult Education. Andragogy versus
Pedagogy. New York: Association Press.
Knowles, M.S., (Ed.), (1960). Handbook of Adult Education in the United States.
'Adult Education Association Press.
Kurand, N.D., (1989). “Financing LifelongEducation” , in C. Titmus, (Ed.), Lifelong
Education for Adults. An International Handbook, pp. 484-486. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1989.
Lowe, J . , (1975). The Education of Adults-A World Perspective. France: The UNESCO Press.
Makonnen Teferra, (August 26 and 28, 1992). Interviews. Ato Makonnen was Head of
the Evening Schools Office in the DACE of the Ministry.
Mammo Kebede Shenku t , ( February 15, 1993'). Interview. Ato Mammo was Head of the
Department of Adult and Continuing Education.
Mehammed Nur, (September 23, 1992). Interview. Ato Mehammed was Head
Education Office in the Minister's Office.
Negash Baleh, (August 26 and 28, 1992). Interviews. Ato Negash was Assistant
Head of the Evening Schools Office in the DACE of the Ministry.
Shaw, N.C., (Ed.), (1969). Administration of Continuing Education. A Guide for
administrators. Washington, D.C: National Association for Public and Continuing Education.
Solomon Inquai, (1969). II Ethiopiall, in J.Lowe (Ed.). Adult Education and Nation
Buildinq. A Synvposium on Adult Education in Developing• Countries, pp. 0-62. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Swinbourne, E., (1989). Wellings. J. (Ed),Government Roles in Adult Education.International Prospective. Sydney.Grade 88/nc.
Tilahunorkineh, (1991). "Ethiopian Pioneering in Adult Education: Berhaneh Zare New Institute (1948-1978) ", The Ethiopian Journal of Education. XI I (2): 36-87.
Woodhall, M., (1989). "Financing Adult Education", in C. Titmas (Ed.), Lifelong Education for Adults. An International Handbook, pp. 486-490. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Yigez Kebede, (October 12, 1992). Interview. Ato Yigez was Head of the Inspection Department of the Ministry until November 1992.
Zelleke Wolde Meskel, (August 14, 1992).Interview. Ato Zelleke was Head of Program, Research and Evaluation Division in DACE of the Ministry Currently he is in the Main Department of Higher Education.
Published
1994-11-01
Section
Articles