Status of Women Academicians and their Perceptions of Gender Bias vis-a-vis Some Organizational Variables: The Case of Three Public Universities in Ethiopia
Abstract
This study examines the number of women academicians in academic and administrative positions in three public universities in Ethiopia. Besides, it investigates the relationships of women academicians‟ perceptions about gender bias and some organizational variables. To gather data on the women academicians‟ perceptions about gender bias in the universities, a self-constructed questionnaire consisting of Likert type scales was administered to 95 female academicians. The findings of the study show that women are relentlessly underrepresented in senior academic ranks and administrative positions in the universities. The findings of this study also show that women academicians do not perceive that they are discriminated in the universities because of their sex, and they think that they are fairly evaluated for their performances.
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References
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Bagilhole, B. (2000). Too little too late? An Assessment of National Initiatives for Women Academics in the British University System. Higher Education in Europe, 25(2), 139-145.
Bagilhole, B.(1993). Survivors of in male preserve. A Study of British Women Academics’ Experiences and Perceptions of Discrimination in a UK University. Higher Education 26(4), 431-447. Damtew Teferra & Altbach, P.G. (2003). Trends and Perspectives in African Higher Education. In Teferra & Altbach, P.G. (eds.).African Higher Education. An International Reference Handbook. Bloomington: Indiana University press, pp.3-14. Federal Democratic Republic Government of Ethiopia (FDRGE) (2009). Higher Education Proclamation. No. 650/2009. Negarit Gazeta. Addis Ababa: Birhanena Selam Priniting press. Hansard Society Report (2012). Women at the top. Politics and Public life in UK. Revised and Updated: Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government. Hansard Society Commission Report(1990). Women at the top. London: Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government.
ILO (2007). Global Employment Trends for Women Brief. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org. Kloot, L. ( 2004). Women and Leadership in Universities. A Case Study of Women Academic Managers. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 17(6),407-485. Knights, D. & and Richards, W. (2003). Sex Discrimination in UK Academia. Gender, Work and Organization, 10 (2).
Lewis, D.R. & Dundar, H.(2002) . Equity Effects of Higher Education in Developing Countries: Access, Choice, and Persistence. In Chapman, D.W. & Austin, A.E.(eds.) Higher Education in the Developing World. Changing Contexts and Institutional Rresponses. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Pp.169-193.
Mama, A.(2003). Restore, Reform but do not Transform: The Gender Politics of Higher Education in Africa. Journal of Higher Education in Africa,1(1),101-125. Ministry of Education, Ethiopia( MOE). (2010). Education Statistics Annual Abstracts 2009--2010. MOE: Addis Ababa. Morgan, G. (1997). Images of Organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc. Nawe, J.(2004). Strategies for Enhancing Women’s Participation at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In Zeleza, P.T. & Olukoshi, A.(eds.). African Universities in the Twenty-first Century. Knowledge and Society. Volume.2 Dakar: CODESRIA. Okeke, P.E.(2004). Higher Education for Africa’s Women: Partners with or Cheerleaders for men?In Zeleza, P.T. & Olukoshi, A. African Universities in the Twenty-first Century (Chapter 10), pp.480-492. Ozel, A.(2008). The Administrative Positions of Female Academics in Turkish Universities and their Geographical(spatial) Distribution. Research Journal of Environmental Science 2, 91-99. Poole, M., Bornholt, L.& Summers, F. ((1997). An International Study of the Gendered Nature of Academic Work: Some Cross Cultural Explorations. Higher Education, 34, 373-396. Rathgeber, E. M.( 2003). Women in Universities and University-Educated Women. The Current Situation in Africa. In Damtew Teferra & Altbach, P.G.( eds.).African Higher Education. An International Reference Handbook. Bloomington: Indiana University press, pp.82-92.
Ridgeway, C.(1997). Interactions and the Conservation of Gender Inequality: Considering Employment. American Sociological Review, 62,218-235. Seyoum Teferra (1986). The Education of Women in Ethiopia: A Missing Piece in the Development Puzzle.The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 10(1), Sutherland, M.B.(1985). Women Who Teach in Universities: Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books. Thanacoody, P.R. et al.(2006).Career Progression Among Female Academics. A Comparative Study of Australia and Mauritius. Women in Management Review, 21(7), 536-553. Twombly, S. B. (1998). Women Academic Leaders in a Latin American University: Reconciling the Paradoxes of Professional Lives. Higher Education, 35(4), 367-397. UNECA (1975). Women and National Development in African Countries: Some Profound Contradictions. African Studies Review, 18(3), 47-70. Wirth, L. (2001). Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Women in Management. Geneva: ILO World Bank (2004). Higher Education Development for Ethiopia: Pursuing the Vision. A World Bank Sector Study. Washington D.C. The World Bank.
Published
2017-06-01
Section
Articles