Strategies to Promote Validity in Qualitative Research
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References
Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (1982). Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Brown, J. D. (2004). Research Methods for Applied Linguistics: Scope, Characteristics, and Standards. In A. Davies & C. Elder (Eds.), The Handbook of Applied Linguistics (pp. 476-500). Oxford: Blackwell.
Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among the Five Traditions. Sage Publications, London Cronbach, L. J. (1975). Beyond the two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology. American Psychologist, 30(2), 116-127. Davis, K. A. (1995). Qualitative Theory and Methods in Applied Linguistics Research. TESOL Quarterly, 29, 427-453. Denzin, N. K. (1994). The Art and Politics of Interpretation. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 500-515). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (1994). Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Eisner, E. W. (1991). The Enlightened Eye: Qualitative Inquiry and the Enhancement of Educational Practice. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company. Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L. & Allen, S.D.( 1993). Doing Naturalistic Inquiry: A Guide to Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Gibbs,G.R.(2002). Qualitative Data Analysis. Explorations with Nvivo. Buckingham. UK: Open University. Glesne, C., & Peshkin, A. (1992). Becoming Qualitative Researchers: An Introduction. White Plains, New York: Longman.
Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data Management and Analysis Methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 428-444). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Johnson and Christensen (2004). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Approach (2nded). Boston: Pearson education, Inc Kirk, J., & Miller, M. L. (1986). Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Krefting, L. (1991). Rigor in Qualitative Research: The Assessment of Trustworthiness. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45(3), 214-222. .Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. (1980). Designing Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Maxwell, J. A. (1992). Understanding and Validity in Qualitative Research. Harvard Educational Review, 62(3), 279-300 .Merriam, S. B. (1988). Case Study Research in Eeducation: A Qualitative Approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Mertiler,C. & Charles,C. (2005). Introduction to Educational Research (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson education, Inc. Newman, I. & Benz, C.R. (1998). Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Phillips, D. C. (1990). Subjectivity and Objectivity: An Objective Inquiry. In Eisner and Peshkin (Eds.) Qualitative Inquiry in Education: The Continuing Debate (pp. 19-37). New York: Teachers College Press. Powers, B.A. & Knapp, T.R. (1990). A Dictionary of Nursing Theory and Research. Sage Publications, London. Runciman, W. G. (1983). A Treatise on Social Theory: The Methodology of Social Theory (Vol. 1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schwandt, T. A. (1997). Qualitative Inquiry. A Dictionary of Terms. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Smith, J. K. & Heshusius, L. (1986, January). Closing down the Conversation: The end of the Quantitative-qualitative Debate among Educational Inquirers. Educational Researcher, 15(1), 4-12. Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. Stake, R. E. (1978). The Case Study Method in Social Inquiry. Educational Researcher, 7(2), 5-8. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Yin, R. K. (1994). Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among the Five Traditions. Sage Publications, London Cronbach, L. J. (1975). Beyond the two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology. American Psychologist, 30(2), 116-127. Davis, K. A. (1995). Qualitative Theory and Methods in Applied Linguistics Research. TESOL Quarterly, 29, 427-453. Denzin, N. K. (1994). The Art and Politics of Interpretation. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 500-515). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (1994). Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Eisner, E. W. (1991). The Enlightened Eye: Qualitative Inquiry and the Enhancement of Educational Practice. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company. Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L. & Allen, S.D.( 1993). Doing Naturalistic Inquiry: A Guide to Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Gibbs,G.R.(2002). Qualitative Data Analysis. Explorations with Nvivo. Buckingham. UK: Open University. Glesne, C., & Peshkin, A. (1992). Becoming Qualitative Researchers: An Introduction. White Plains, New York: Longman.
Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data Management and Analysis Methods. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 428-444). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Johnson and Christensen (2004). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Approach (2nded). Boston: Pearson education, Inc Kirk, J., & Miller, M. L. (1986). Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Krefting, L. (1991). Rigor in Qualitative Research: The Assessment of Trustworthiness. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45(3), 214-222. .Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. (1980). Designing Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Maxwell, J. A. (1992). Understanding and Validity in Qualitative Research. Harvard Educational Review, 62(3), 279-300 .Merriam, S. B. (1988). Case Study Research in Eeducation: A Qualitative Approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Mertiler,C. & Charles,C. (2005). Introduction to Educational Research (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson education, Inc. Newman, I. & Benz, C.R. (1998). Qualitative-Quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring the Interactive Continuum. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Phillips, D. C. (1990). Subjectivity and Objectivity: An Objective Inquiry. In Eisner and Peshkin (Eds.) Qualitative Inquiry in Education: The Continuing Debate (pp. 19-37). New York: Teachers College Press. Powers, B.A. & Knapp, T.R. (1990). A Dictionary of Nursing Theory and Research. Sage Publications, London. Runciman, W. G. (1983). A Treatise on Social Theory: The Methodology of Social Theory (Vol. 1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schwandt, T. A. (1997). Qualitative Inquiry. A Dictionary of Terms. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Smith, J. K. & Heshusius, L. (1986, January). Closing down the Conversation: The end of the Quantitative-qualitative Debate among Educational Inquirers. Educational Researcher, 15(1), 4-12. Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. Stake, R. E. (1978). The Case Study Method in Social Inquiry. Educational Researcher, 7(2), 5-8. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Yin, R. K. (1994). Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
