Author Guidelines

Manuscript Submission

Submission of a manuscript indicates that the research has not been published before and it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else. The publication has been approved by all co-authors.

• Permissions

Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s).

• Submission

Please follow the link “”

• Source Files

For your manuscript text please always submit in editable formats such as .docx, .doc or LaTeX.

• Ethics approval

Research that involved human/animal participants, authors should include a statement that confirms the study was approved by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards.

Title Page

Please make sure your title page contains the following information.

• Title

The title should be concise, informative and as much as possible avoid using abbreviations

• Author information
• The name(s) of the author(s)
• The affiliation(s) of the author(s), i.e., institution, department, city, state, country
• A clear indication and an active e-mail address of the corresponding author

Abstract

Please provide an abstract of maximum 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or references.

• Keywords

Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.

Text Formatting

Manuscripts should be submitted in editable formats.

• Use a normal, 12-point Times New Roman for text.
• Use the automatic page numbering function to number the pages at the bottom center.
• Use tab stops or other commands for indents, not the space bar.
• Use the table function, not spreadsheets, to make tables.
• Use the equation editor

• Save your file in editable formats

Headings

Please use no more than three levels of headings. Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.

Declaration of competing interest

Authors are required to disclose financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section at the end of the article before the references. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.

References

Maximum up to 25, 50 and 150 references for short communication, original research paper/case study and review papers, respectively.

• Citation

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice

versa).

All citations in the text should refer to:

1. Single author: the author's name (without initials) and the year of publication. (e.g., Abebe, 2000; Kebede, 1998a, 1998b; Hiwot, 1989, 2015)
2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication. (e.g., Ibrahim and Daniel, 2023; Girma and Getachew, 2023)
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication. (e.g., Girma et al., 2021: Daniel et al., 2023)

• Reference list

The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication.

References in the list should be placed first alphabetically, then numbered chronologically.
1. Meshesha, D., Shinjo, R. (2007) Crustal contamination and diversity of magma sources in the   northwestern Ethiopia volcanic province. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 102, 272-290.

2. Shah SN., Chellappan, LK., Gonfa, G., Mutalib. MIA., Pilus, RBM., Bustam, MA. (2016) Extraction of naphthenic acid from. highly acidic oil using phenolate based ionic liquids Chemical Engineering Journal 284, 487-493.

If available, please always include DOIs as full DOI links in your reference list (e.g. “https://doi.org/abc”).

Tables

• All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals (e.g., Table 1., Table 2., etc)

• Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
• For each table, please supply a table caption (title)
• Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body.
• Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the table caption.
• Tables should be submitted within the body of the text
• Tables in supplementary materials should be numbered separately (e.g., Table S1.pdf).

Figures

• Supply all figures electronically.

• Figure formats
• EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts.
• TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi.
• TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels) line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi.
• TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of 500 dpi.
• Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
• Name your figure files with "Figure" and the figure number, e.g., Figure 1.pdf.
• Figures should be submitted within the body of the text.

• When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width.

Figure Lettering

• To add lettering, it is best to use Arial fonts.
• Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, 12 pt
• Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.
• Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations.

Figure Numbering

• All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.

• Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
• Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
• Figures in supplementary materials should be numbered separately (e.g., Figure S1.pdf).

Figure Captions

• Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure shows.
• Figure captions begin with the term Figure, followed by the figure number (e.g., Figure 1., Figure 2. etc).
• Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes, circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.
• Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.

Supplementary material

Any supporting supplementary information such as Excel, PowerPoint files, images and sound clips can be published with your article to enhance it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received. Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. Since supplementary files will be published only as an electronic annex to the online article, such material should not be cited in the text (as Figure S1., Figure S2., Table S1., etc).