SYMBIOTIC AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOBIUM ISOLATES OF FIELD PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) FABACEAE, FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance, Eco-physiological tolerance, Heavy metal resistance, Symbiotic effectiveness.
Abstract
A total of 25 rhizobial isolates from field pea (Pisum sativum L.) were collected from Shewa, Gojam, Gondar, Wollo and Tigray, and
authenticated as root nodule using the trap host. They showed significant variations in their symbiotic effectiveness in nitrogen fixation and enhancing growth of the pea cultivar Markose plants compared to the uninoculated and non-fertilized control plants on sand culture under greenhouse conditions. Although there was inter-site difference in harbouring effective and very effective isolates ranging from 86% (Tigray) and 67% (Gondar) in terms of shoot dry matter accumulation of 50-100%, on the average 76% of the pea rhizobial isolates in the soils of major growing areas in the country were effective and very effective. The inoculated plants also showed differences in total nitrogen contents in the range of 1.72% and 2.93%. These isolates were then characterized based on their cultural, physiological and ecological features in relation to their symbiotic characteristics. The isolates showed diversity in their eco-physiological tolerance (NaCl, pH and temperature) inherent resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals, and heterotrophic competence of utilization of 17 carbon sources. Consequently, isolates NSRlFP1, NSRlFP3, NSRlFP13, NSRlFP17 and NSRlFP18 were the elite rhizobia that can be selected and further tested for their genetic and symbiotic performance in field trials for future bio-inoculant formulation.
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References
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Zerihun Belay and Fassil Assefa (2011). Symbiotic and phenotypic diversity of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viceae from North Gondar, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Biotechnol.10:437-43.
Zhang, X., Harper, R., Karsisto, M. and Lindstrom, K. (1991). Diversity of rhizobium bacteria isolated from the root nodules of leguminous trees. Int. J. Syst. Evol.Micr. 41 (1): 104-113.
Angaw Tsigie and Asnakew Woldeab (1994). Fertilizer response trials on highland food legumes of Ethiopia. In: Cool Season Food Legumes of Ethiopia, pp. 279-292
(Asfaw Telaye, Geletu Bejiga, Saxena, M.C. and Solh, M.B., eds.). ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas), Addis Ababa.
Asefa Keneni, Fassil Assefa and Prabu, P.C. (2010). Acid-tolerant rhizobial strains isolated from faba bean fields of Wollo, Northern Ethiopia. J Agri. Sci. Tech. 12:365-376.
Asfaw Hailemariam and Angaw Tsigie (2006). Symbiotic nitrogen fixation research on food legumes in Ethiopia. In: Food and Forage Legumes of Ethiopia, pp. 172-176 (Kemal Ali, Gemechu Keneni, Seid Ahmed, Malhotra, R., Beniwal, S.,
Makkouk, K. and Halila, M.H., eds.). Progress and prospects. Proceedings of a Workshop on Food and Forage Legumes. ICARDA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Asfaw Telaye, Geletu Bejiga and Alem Berhane (1994). Role of cool season food legumes of Ethiopia. In: Cool Season Food Legumes of Ethiopia, pp. 279-292 (Asfaw Telaye, Geletu Bejiga, Saxena, M.C. and Solh, M.B., eds.). ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas), Addis Ababa.
Ballard, R.A., Charman, N., McInnes, A. and Davidson, J.A. (2004). Size, symbiotic effectiveness and genetic diversity of field pea rhizobia (Rhizobium
leguminosarum bv.viceae) populations in South Australian soils. Soil Biol.Biochem. 36: 1347-1355.
Bremer, J. M. (1965). Total nitrogen. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, pp. 1149-1178 (Black,C.A., ed.). Agronomy 9: American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin.
CSA (Central Statistical Authority) (2004). Agricultural samples survey 2003/2004: Report on area and production of crops. Volume I, statistical bulletin, Number 302. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 312 pp.
Desta Beyene and Angaw Tsigie (1989). Conserving microorganisms in the soil. In: Soil Science Research in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the first soil science research review workshop, pp. 89-71(Desta Beyene, ed.). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Fano Berhe (2010). Numerical taxonomy of phenotypic characters of Rhizobium leguminosarum var. viceae isolates from Southern Tigray, Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa.
Hagedorn, C. (1979). Relationship of antibiotic resistance to effectiveness of Rhizobium trifolii populations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43: 921-925.
Jayasundara, H.P.S., Thomson, B.D. and Tang, C. (1998). Response of cool season legumes to soil abiotic stress. Adv. Agron. 63:77-151.
Jensen, E.S. (1985). Symbiotic N 2 fixation in pea and field bean estimated by 15N fertilizer dilution in field experiment with barley as a reference crop. Plant Soil 92:8-13.
Jordan, D.C. (1984). Family III. Rhizobiaceae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 1, pp. 234-256 (Chrieg, N.R. and Hot, J.G., eds.). Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
Kassa Bayeh (2011). Characterization and symbiotic effectiveness of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) from eastern and western Hararghe highlands, Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya.
Kemal Ali (2006). Insect pest management research of faba bean and field pea in Ethiopia. In: Food and Forage Legumes of Ethiopia: Progress and Prospects, pp. 247-259 (Kemal Ali, Seid Ahmed, Beniwal, S., Gemechu Keneni, Malthora, R.S.,
Makkouk, K. and Haila, M.H., eds.). ICARDA, Addis Ababa.
Lindstrom, K. and Lehtomaki, S. (1988). Metabolic properties, maximum growth temperature and phage sensitivity of Rhizobium sp. (Galega) compared with other fast-growing rhizobia. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 50:277-287.
Lupway, N.Z. and Haque, I. (1994). Legume-Rhizobium Technology Manual: Work document. Environmental Science Division, International Livestock Center for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Maatallah, J., Berraho, E.B., Sanjuan, J. and Lunch, C. (2002). Phenotypic characterization of rhizobia isolated from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) growing in Moroccan soils.Agronomie 22: 321-329.
Mussa Jarso, Tezera Welabu and Gemechu Keneni (2006). Review of field pea (Pisum sativum) genetics and breeding research in Ethiopia. In: Food and Forage Legumes of Ethiopia: Progress and Prospects, pp. 247-259 (Kemal Ali, Seid Ahmed, Beniwal, S.,Gemechu Keneni, Malthora, R.S., Makkouk, K. and Haila,M.H., eds.). ICARDA, Addis Ababa.
Purchino, H.M.A., Festin, P.M. and Elkan, G.H. (2000). Identification of effective strains of Bradyrhizobium for Archis pintoi.Trop. Agr. 77:226-231.
Sanginga, N., Vanlaue, B. and Danso, S.K.A (1995). Management of biological nitrogen fixation in alley cropping system: Estimation and contribution to N-balance. Plant Soil 174: 119-141.
Somasegaran, P. and Hoben, H.J. (1994). Handbook for Rhizobia. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Stowers, M.D. (1985). Carbon metabolism in Rhizobium species. Annu. Rev. Microbiol.39:89-108.
Vincent, J. M. (1970). A Manual for the Practical Study of Root Nodule Bacteria. Blackwell Scientific Publishing, Oxford.
White, D. (1995). The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Zerihun Belay and Fassil Assefa (2011). Symbiotic and phenotypic diversity of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viceae from North Gondar, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Biotechnol.10:437-43.
Zhang, X., Harper, R., Karsisto, M. and Lindstrom, K. (1991). Diversity of rhizobium bacteria isolated from the root nodules of leguminous trees. Int. J. Syst. Evol.Micr. 41 (1): 104-113.
Published
2012-09-23
Section
Articles