Teachers' Differences on the Utilization of Instructional Materials as the Function of their Years of Teaching Experiences, Level of Academic Qualifications and School Contexts in Bahir Dar Town Schools
Abstract
The study was conducted on 176 (111 males and 65 females) teachers in Bahir Dar town schools. The major purposes were to assess the impact of teaching experience and academic qualification of teachers, and school context on the utilization of instructional materials, and to identify the major obstacles in the utilization of instructional materials. Questionnaire, observation and interview were used as data collection instrument of the study. Percentage, ANOVA and post Hoc mean comparison were used to analyze the collected data. ANOVA results indicated that less qualified and less experienced teachers tend to utilize instructional materials more than the teachers with a higher qualification and a longer teaching experience. Moreover, except TTI qualified teachers, all NGO-school teachers utilized instructional materials more than the teachers in government schools. Lack of training, time constraints, large class size, administrative problems and lack of instructional materials were reported as the main obstacles to utilize instructional materials. Certain recommendations were made for educational officers including the directors, teachers and teacher training institutions.
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References
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Walklin, L. (1982). Instructional Techniques and Practices. Cheltennham: Staneley Thrones Pub.Ltd. Wilson, J. (1995). Attention and Concentration. Educational Research, 37 (1): 33-38. Yalew Endawoke (2004). Teachers’ Beliefs, Knowledge and Practice of learner- centered Approach in School of Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 24(2):17-42.
Amare Asgedom. (2000). An Androgenic Approach to Teaching and Learning. IER Flambeau, 8 (1):3-88.
Ambaye Tesehaye.(1999). Curriculum Evaluation: Monitoring the Harmony of TTI Syllabuses with the New Primary Level Curriculum Vis-à-vis Standard Models and New Education and Training Policy. The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 19 (1): 1-28. Amera Seifu. (2003). Distance Education and its Relation with Media. IER Flambeau, 11(1): 75-81. Arrends, R.I. (1994). Learning To Teach (3rd ed). New York: Mcgraw-Hill Inc. Biggs, J. (1999). Teaching for Quality Learning. Buckingham: Open University Press. Broussean, B.A. et al. (1988). Teachers Belief and the Cultures of Teaching. Journal of Teacher Education. 39 (6): 33-39. Brown and Keneth (1965). Administrating Education Media. New York: McGraw-Hill. Clark, R.E. (1983). Reconsidering Research and Learning from Media. Review of Educational Research, 53(4):445-459. Collins, A. (1996). Reflection on Computing in Classrooms. In Fisher, Ch., Dewyer, D., and Yokam, K. (Eds). Education and Technology. Sanfrancisco: Jossey-Boss Publishers. Cooper, P. (1996). Effective Teaching and Learning: Teachers and Students Perspective, Open University Press. Cruickshank, et al. (1995). The Act of Teaching. New York: McGraw-Hill, Ink.
Dahalstrom, L. (1999). Towards Learner-Centered and Democratic Teacher Education. In Zeichner, K. and Dahlstrom, L. (Eds). Democratic Teacher Education in Africa: The Case of Namibia. USA: Westview Press. Dale, E. (1969). Audiovisual Methods in Teaching (3rd ed). New York: The Dryden Press. Dawit Asrat (2000). Concerns of Teachers With Respect to Experience, Sex and Qualification: The Case of Addis Ababa Region. Unpublished MA Thesis. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University. Duke, D.L. (1990). Teaching an Introduction. New York: McGraw Hill Pub. Comp. Fantu G/Medhin (1992). Utilization of Instructional Materials in Elementary School of Addis Ababa. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University (unpublished). Friere, P. (1972). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Herder and Herder. Getachew Haile (1999). Stress in School Teacher. The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 19(2): 15-46. Gtuton, E. and Farokhi, E. (1987). Relation ships Among Academic Performance, Basic Skills, Subject Matter Knowledge and Teaching Skills of Teacher Education Graduates. Journal of Teacher Education, 38(5): 37-42. Hall, K. (1995). Learning Modes: An Investigation of Perceptions in Five Kent Classrooms. Educational Research, 37 (1): 21-32. Helnich, et al. (1996). Instructional Media and Technology for Learning(5th eds.) New Jersy: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Hopper, R. (1971). Educational Technology. Educational Broad Casting International. 5(3): 151-154. Johnston, S. (1994). Experience is the Best Teacher, or is it? An Analysis of the Role of Experience in Learning to Teach. Journal of Teacher Education, 45(3): 199-208. Knowles, M.S. (1980). The Modern Practice of Adult Education: From Pedagogy to Andragogy. Chicago: Follet Publishing Company. Mehadi Abdo (2001). Determinants of Teachers’ Media Utilization Pattern. Unpublished MA Thesis. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University. Ministry of Education (1997). Education and Training Policy Sector Strategy II. Addis Ababa. Reddy, M. (1996). Distance Education in India. Delhi. Romiszowski, A.J. (1974). The Selection and Utilization of Instructional Media. London: Kogan page Ltd. Sereiber, D.A. (1998). Organizational Technology and Its Impact on Distance Training. In Sereiber, D.A. and Berg, Z, L. (eds). Distance Training: How Innovative Organizations are Using Technology to Maximize Learning and Meet Business Objectives. Sanfrancisco: Jossey –Bass Publisher. Shetman, Z. and Godfried. L (1993). Assessing the Performance and Personal Traits of Teacher Education Students by a Group Assessment Procedure: A Study of Concurred and Construct Validity. Journal of Teacher Education, 44(2): 130-138.
Silberman, M. (1996). Active Learning 101 Strategies to Teach any Subject. USA: Allyn and Bacon. Symon, J. and Alexander, L. (1980). Factors which Promote School Achievement in Developing Countries: A Review of Research. In Symmon, J. (1990). The Education Dilemma: Policy Issues for the Developing Countries. Oxford: Peremon Press. Teheranian, M., et al. (1997). Communications Policy for National Development. London: Rouedge and Kegan Paul Publication. Teshome Nekatibeb (2004). The Effectiveness of Grade one English Interactive Radio Instruction Program in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 24(1):1-40. Tilahun Fenta (1999). Influences of Some Teacher Characteristics on the Utilization of Teaching Materials. The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 21 (2): 77-95. Thomas, H. J. and Sharon, S.M. (1987). The Relation Ship between Teaching Experience and Satisfaction of Teacher Preparation: A Summary of Three Surveys. Journal of Teacher Education, 38(5): 28-36. Transitional Government of Ethiopia (1994). The New Education and Training policy. Addis Ababa: MoE. Tsega Mintesnot (1983). The Contribution of Awraja Pedagogical Centers in the Improvisation of Instructional aids in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa (Unpublished). Wakshum Mekonnen (2001). The Potentials of Information Technology in Education. IER Flambeau, 8 (2): 27-45.
Walklin, L. (1982). Instructional Techniques and Practices. Cheltennham: Staneley Thrones Pub.Ltd. Wilson, J. (1995). Attention and Concentration. Educational Research, 37 (1): 33-38. Yalew Endawoke (2004). Teachers’ Beliefs, Knowledge and Practice of learner- centered Approach in School of Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 24(2):17-42.
Published
2008-12-01
Section
Articles