Students' Ratings of Their College English Instructors Before and After the Issue of Grades
Abstract
A study was conducted into the reproducibility of first
year students' ratings of their College English instructors at Addis
Ababa University Social Sciences College , Official Addis Ababa
University Teacher Evaluation Forms consisting of 30 close-ended
items classified into six evaluative units were administered to 4
randomly selected first year sections of Col/ege English 1, before
, course grades were released and after they were issued i,e, in the
late first and early. second semesters. Multivariate Analysis of ·
Variance (MANOVA) showed evaluation scores were significantly
different in all 'sections and across aI/ evaluative variables,
Considerable differences also occurred between 'grades expected
and gradf!.S earned. However, there was no correlation between
mean class grades expected or earned and mean class ratings
given. The implications of the major findings are discussed as they
relate to College English and the Addis Ababa University ·situation.
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References
Addis Ababa University Revised Contract of Employment For Academic
Personnel. 1994.AAU.
Aleamoni , L.M (1981), Student Ratings of Instruction In J. Millamn (ed)
Handbook of Teacher Evaluation. Beverly Hills, (C:Sage)
Aronson, E. and Carlsmith, J.M. 1962. Performance Expectancy as a
Determinant of Actual Performance. Journal of Abnormal Social
Psychology, 65,178-182.
Belay Hagos (1993), Adolescents' Beliefs in the Internal - External Control
of their Academic Outcomes and their Academic Standing.
Unpublished Paper.
Crow.ne, D.P., and Marlowe , D. 1964. The Approval Motive: Studies in
Eva~uative Dependence. N~w Yor~: Wiley.
Ducette, J, and Kenney, J. (1982). Do Grading Standards Affect Student
Evaluation of Teaching? Some New Evidence on an Old Question.
Journal of Educational Psychology. 74(3} 308-314.
Elmore P. and John P. (1974). Effects of Teacher, Student and Class
Characteristics on the Evaluations of College Instructors, Journal
of Educational Psychology 70(2}, 187-f192.
Feldman, K. (1976). Grades and College Students' Evaluations of their
Courses and Teachers, Research in Education, 4, 69-111
Firth, M.1979. Impact of Work Experience on the Validity of Student
Evaluations Teaching Effectiveness, Journal of Educational
Psychqlogy, 71 ,726-730.
Howard, G.S. & Maxwell, S.F (1980). Correlation Between Student
Satisfaction and Grades: A Case of Mistaken Causation? Journal
of Educational Psychology 72(6),810-820.
Hand, D.J. and Taylor, C.C (1987): Multivariate Analysis of Variance and
Repeated Measures: Chapman and Hall.
Helwig, J.T. and Council, K. ( eds.) 1979. SAS User's Guide. SAS Institute,
Releigh, N~rth Carolina.
Hocutt, M.O. ( No Date). De-grading .Student Evaluations?: What's Wrong
with Student Polls of Teaching: Academic Questions: 55-64.
Holmes, D.S.1972. Effects of Grades and Disconfirmed Drade Expectancies
on Students' Evaluations of their Instructor, Journal of
Educational Psychology, 63,130-133.
Howard, G.S. and Maxwell, S.F (1980). Correlation Between Student
Satisfaction and Grades: A Case of Mistaken Causation? Journal
of Educational Psychology 72(6),810-820.
Johnson, A. and Wichern, D. W(1992): Applied Multivariate Statistical
Analysis, 3rd edition, New Jersey.
. '
Kennedy, W.R. (1975). Grades Expected and Grades Received- their
Relation~hip to Student Ev~luations .of Faculty Performance.
Journal of Educational Psychology. 65, 109-115.
Marsh, H.W. (1984). Student Evaluation of University Teaching.
Dimensionality, Reliability, Validity, Potential Biases and Utility.
Journal of f=ducational Psychology, 76,707-754.
(1Q87) . Students' Evaluations of University Teaching: Research
Findings, Methodological Issues and Directions for Future
Researches. International Journal of Educational Re~earch , 11 ,
253-388.
Murdoch, G. 2000. Introducing a Teacher Supportive Evaluation Program,
EL T Journal, 54,1,54-64
Murray, H.G. (1980). Teacher Personality Traits and Students' Instructional
Ratings in Six Types bf University Course. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 28(2),250-261 .
Nurusis, M.J. 1990._SPSS Base System. User's Guide~ Chicago, Illinois.
Overall, J.v. and Herbert W.M. (1980). Student Evaluations of Instruction: A
Longitudinal Study of their Reliability. Journal of Educational
Psychology. 72(3) 321-325.
Peterson, C. and Cooper, S. (1980). Teacher Evaluation. by Graded and
Ungraded Students Journal of Educational Psychology. 72(5)
682-685.
Pratt, M.& Pratt, T.1976. A Study of Student-teacher Grading Interaction
Process. Improving College and University Teaching 24, 73-81 .
Roberts, C. & Roberts, J. 1994. Eval~ation in EL T. Oxford. Blackwells.
Stumpf, S. and Freedman RD. (1979). Expected· Grade Co-variation with
Student Ratings of Instruction: Individual Vs Class Effects. Journal
of Educational Psychology. 71 ,293-302.
Synder. C.R . and Clair, M. (1976). Effects of Expected and Obtained
Grades on Teacher Evaluation and Attribution of Performance.
Journal of Educational Psychology. 68,75-82:
Tamire Andualem.1997. Attributions and Academic Achievement of
Education, Medicine and Polytechnic Freshman Students in Bahir
Dar. Ethiopian Journal of Education, 27, 63-78.
Vasta, Rand Sacraminto RF (1979) . Liberal Grading Improves Evaluation
but not Performance. Journal of Educational Psychology.
711,207-211 .
Webb, G. (1994). Making the Most of Appraisal. Career and
Professional Development Planning for Lecturers. Kogan Page
Limited. London.
Zeleke Demilew. 1997 .• Trainee Evaluations of Major Area Course Offerings.
Ethiopian Journal of Education, 27,42-62.
Personnel. 1994.AAU.
Aleamoni , L.M (1981), Student Ratings of Instruction In J. Millamn (ed)
Handbook of Teacher Evaluation. Beverly Hills, (C:Sage)
Aronson, E. and Carlsmith, J.M. 1962. Performance Expectancy as a
Determinant of Actual Performance. Journal of Abnormal Social
Psychology, 65,178-182.
Belay Hagos (1993), Adolescents' Beliefs in the Internal - External Control
of their Academic Outcomes and their Academic Standing.
Unpublished Paper.
Crow.ne, D.P., and Marlowe , D. 1964. The Approval Motive: Studies in
Eva~uative Dependence. N~w Yor~: Wiley.
Ducette, J, and Kenney, J. (1982). Do Grading Standards Affect Student
Evaluation of Teaching? Some New Evidence on an Old Question.
Journal of Educational Psychology. 74(3} 308-314.
Elmore P. and John P. (1974). Effects of Teacher, Student and Class
Characteristics on the Evaluations of College Instructors, Journal
of Educational Psychology 70(2}, 187-f192.
Feldman, K. (1976). Grades and College Students' Evaluations of their
Courses and Teachers, Research in Education, 4, 69-111
Firth, M.1979. Impact of Work Experience on the Validity of Student
Evaluations Teaching Effectiveness, Journal of Educational
Psychqlogy, 71 ,726-730.
Howard, G.S. & Maxwell, S.F (1980). Correlation Between Student
Satisfaction and Grades: A Case of Mistaken Causation? Journal
of Educational Psychology 72(6),810-820.
Hand, D.J. and Taylor, C.C (1987): Multivariate Analysis of Variance and
Repeated Measures: Chapman and Hall.
Helwig, J.T. and Council, K. ( eds.) 1979. SAS User's Guide. SAS Institute,
Releigh, N~rth Carolina.
Hocutt, M.O. ( No Date). De-grading .Student Evaluations?: What's Wrong
with Student Polls of Teaching: Academic Questions: 55-64.
Holmes, D.S.1972. Effects of Grades and Disconfirmed Drade Expectancies
on Students' Evaluations of their Instructor, Journal of
Educational Psychology, 63,130-133.
Howard, G.S. and Maxwell, S.F (1980). Correlation Between Student
Satisfaction and Grades: A Case of Mistaken Causation? Journal
of Educational Psychology 72(6),810-820.
Johnson, A. and Wichern, D. W(1992): Applied Multivariate Statistical
Analysis, 3rd edition, New Jersey.
. '
Kennedy, W.R. (1975). Grades Expected and Grades Received- their
Relation~hip to Student Ev~luations .of Faculty Performance.
Journal of Educational Psychology. 65, 109-115.
Marsh, H.W. (1984). Student Evaluation of University Teaching.
Dimensionality, Reliability, Validity, Potential Biases and Utility.
Journal of f=ducational Psychology, 76,707-754.
(1Q87) . Students' Evaluations of University Teaching: Research
Findings, Methodological Issues and Directions for Future
Researches. International Journal of Educational Re~earch , 11 ,
253-388.
Murdoch, G. 2000. Introducing a Teacher Supportive Evaluation Program,
EL T Journal, 54,1,54-64
Murray, H.G. (1980). Teacher Personality Traits and Students' Instructional
Ratings in Six Types bf University Course. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 28(2),250-261 .
Nurusis, M.J. 1990._SPSS Base System. User's Guide~ Chicago, Illinois.
Overall, J.v. and Herbert W.M. (1980). Student Evaluations of Instruction: A
Longitudinal Study of their Reliability. Journal of Educational
Psychology. 72(3) 321-325.
Peterson, C. and Cooper, S. (1980). Teacher Evaluation. by Graded and
Ungraded Students Journal of Educational Psychology. 72(5)
682-685.
Pratt, M.& Pratt, T.1976. A Study of Student-teacher Grading Interaction
Process. Improving College and University Teaching 24, 73-81 .
Roberts, C. & Roberts, J. 1994. Eval~ation in EL T. Oxford. Blackwells.
Stumpf, S. and Freedman RD. (1979). Expected· Grade Co-variation with
Student Ratings of Instruction: Individual Vs Class Effects. Journal
of Educational Psychology. 71 ,293-302.
Synder. C.R . and Clair, M. (1976). Effects of Expected and Obtained
Grades on Teacher Evaluation and Attribution of Performance.
Journal of Educational Psychology. 68,75-82:
Tamire Andualem.1997. Attributions and Academic Achievement of
Education, Medicine and Polytechnic Freshman Students in Bahir
Dar. Ethiopian Journal of Education, 27, 63-78.
Vasta, Rand Sacraminto RF (1979) . Liberal Grading Improves Evaluation
but not Performance. Journal of Educational Psychology.
711,207-211 .
Webb, G. (1994). Making the Most of Appraisal. Career and
Professional Development Planning for Lecturers. Kogan Page
Limited. London.
Zeleke Demilew. 1997 .• Trainee Evaluations of Major Area Course Offerings.
Ethiopian Journal of Education, 27,42-62.
Published
1999-12-01
Section
Articles